Patanjali Yoga Sutras Lecture 040

Full Transcript(Not Corrected)

Om Yogena Chittasyapadena Vacham Malam Sharirasya Javaidhyakena Yopakarottam Pravaram Muninam Patanjalim Pranjali Rana Tosmi I bow to the eminent sage Patanjali who removed impurities of the mind through yoga of speech through grammar and of the body through medicine. Now we are coming to the practicality of the yoga or spiritual practice. In our last class we discussed Patanjali enumerates nine obstacles to yoga. Come to think of it they are not only obstacles to spiritual practice they are also obstacles to to the practice of dharma and also to the enjoyment of life. Now according to Vedanta all human beings are expected to attain to four values in life dharma artha kama and moksha and these nine are obstacles to all the four. You want to live a righteous life you need tremendous amount of faith. You are sick you cannot practice dharma you cannot earn money and much less you can enjoy anything not to speak of spiritual life. So this is most interesting many people are not physically sick but mentally and many people they are physically also sick. In this modern times most people are sick. How many people are sick? According to an eminent social psychologist one third of the population is mentally sick one third. Just imagine we know so many diseases like autism. If I ask you what are the prospects of these autistic children to attain to something worthwhile in life our categorical answer would be a live just for the sake of living and nothing much can be gained in this life like animals. So we discussed this one what are those obstacles? Sickness, laziness, doubts, lack of enthusiasm, sloth, craving for sense pleasure, false perception, despair caused by failure to concentrate and inability to retain what was once achieved. So we also discussed what are those things and yes okay these are the nine obstacles. What can we do about them? How can we remove them? In this context it is wonderful to know you know in the west especially nowadays and because the west is so much interested even in India also the what is called after effect is percolating the practice of yoga. What do we mean? What do we mean by the practice of yoga? It means merely practicing certain types of postures are at the best controlling the breath which is called pranayama. These two have become very very popular in India also it is becoming very very popular. In Bangalore there is one very popular guru and he has coined a beautiful word the art of living. He gives apparently you know how to meditate, how to progress in spiritual life but most of the attention is given to singing bhajans and then practicing is peculiar type of yoga and do you know what that yoga consists of mostly? In breathing in and out pranayama, yogasana pranayama. This has become very popular and when we think of Patanjali yoga sutras hardly there is any mention about both these aspects either about yogasanas or about pranayama. There are only one or two references you know that eightfold way and he says asana yama niyama asana pranayama asana pranayama that is the extent. Here in this first chapter which is called sadhana samadhipada is he mentions just by regulating the breath one can also calm the mind which we are going to see very shortly. What is the idea? If someone wants to progress in spiritual life then he must have the correct type of instrument not only the object which we want to experience but also the instrument with which we have to experience that particular object or the instruments are body and mind. For making the body and mind fit instruments asana and pranayama have been elaborately discussed. Later on people have developed various varieties of pranayama varieties of asanas etc but the end result to be achieved is progress in spiritual life ending in God realization. Let us never forget that. So these nine types of obstacles what a wonderful thing it is all these nine types of obstacles somehow we have to recognize them and we have to deal with them. When we study the life of Sri Ramakrishna and his teachings in the gospel of Sri Ramakrishna we come across most of these things and interestingly you know Ramakrishna used to look at a person and he could read not only his inside his body too and then he could say with definiteness oh this person is going to attain his goal and this person is never going to progress in spiritual life. He used to say not that he wished that he is simply saying the instrument is already born and that is going to be a great obstruction. One interesting incident comes to my mind. One devotee came to see him and Sri Ramakrishna looked at him and said this is a good boy but he won't make much progress in life because he is very weak bodied. Now this kind of saying has a hidden meaning there. He is not predicting the future of the boy. He is in a way goading that devotee to take steps to remedy that situation. So this devotee got hurt. So he went joined a gymnasium and developed muscles of iron and nerves of steel and after Sri Ramakrishna had best courage. You have done very well. So what is the effect if we are even troubled by one of these not to speak of nine of these it is a great obstruction. What to speak of if all the nine come into our path what would be our condition and many times I do see we suffer from more than one type of problem. I also mentioned in this respect mental sickness. What is mental sickness? It is not cherishing proper types of attitudes, proper types of thoughts, positive thoughts and having self-confidence. In this respect our devotees do surely recollect Swami Vivekananda's redefinition of a believer and a non-believer. He said in the past one who believed in God was called a believer and he says now one who doesn't have faith in himself and claims that he has faith in God he is not a believer at all but one who says I don't believe in God but he has tremendous self-confidence then he is a true believer and this accords with the modern spirit also because if one has that faith in oneself not what is proposed nowadays by all the governments and public institutions you boost your self-confidence otherwise join a course 300 pounds only for one course. This is boosting of the ego not boosting of the self. What Swamiji meant was that potential divinity. Yes there is divinity within me and we don't use the word divinity. We use the word that I have goodness within me. I have the capacity to be happy. I have the capacity to acquire knowledge. I have the capacity to be efficient. These are the manifestations of the potential divinity. So this is how Swami Vivekananda has done. In this connection also you recollect there was a time in the life of Swami Vivekananda when his father died. Do you know what happened when his father died? After that his family had become poverty stricken. The family which used to spend 1000 rupees let us say 1000 pounds in those days and more than 150 years back practically there was not even one pound. I am just recollecting when I was a boy you know my teacher do you know how much salary he was getting? This is in 1950s 90 rupees per clerk 120 to 130 rupees per teacher per month. Now they are only talking lakhs. In those days that family was reduced to that situation. Then you know he tried Swami Vivekananda tried very much to get a job but he could not. The teacher who was supposed to be the world teacher he was not given the job of a teaching and he got with great difficulty some job and Eswar Chandra Vidyasagar he removed him from the school. Just imagine how fate turns on its own head. Now at that time he became what is called depressed in a way and not depressed really the correct word would be he seemed to have lost faith in all good things and he started going to parties where there would be drinking and singing and all that but he would not drink mind you. At that time somebody came and reported to Sriram Krishna sheerly out of jealousy but showing sympathy, sir we feel so bad that Narendra has gone to dogs. Actually inside they are very happy because all the love Sriram Krishna was bestowing upon him that part will come to us. That was their secret hope which was shattered very soon. Sriram Krishna said if I hear one more word from you I won't look at your face and he meant that. Why did Sriram Krishna do that? This is what Swami Vivekananda said because Sriram Krishna knew the inside Narendra Nath was a born yogi. His behavior may not accord with outside standards but his inside is full of divinity. He will never stoop to drink and then lose his morals. That's never going to happen. That's what is Swami Vivekananda meant self-confidence. So we lack some of these things. Doubts will come whether why are we in whenever especially we are in troubles. We lose job. Why is that we are not getting? Why is Sriram Krishna? Where has he gone? Has he gone to Australia? When he's going to return and then look at my application and then soon provide etc. etc. etc. No. Where can God go? He's always with us but the tremendous confidence God is there to look after me. What is there for me? Even if I am drowned still God is there. That kind of confidence is what is really needed. The most interesting part of this is as I mentioned even if we have one of these problems then our life is blighted so-called. Only few people they are brave enough to stand up and face the truth and progress in even worldly life. So what would be the result of it? The result will be first of all it will be grief, mental distress, tremor of the body, irregular breathing, accompany, non-retention of concentration. Concentration is not possible because of the nine reasons. When concentration is not possible these are the four results. What is the first thing? Dukha. Dukha means what? Profound grief in life in spite of wonderful circumstances. I recollect one beautiful incident. A man who lost his leg in an accident. He was naturally depressed and he went out after few months and he had only one leg and he was hobbling along and his face was dark and when he was going in the street there was a beggar who was covered with a blanket and his face was radiating cheerfulness. He said sir good morning sir how wonderful it is. This man scowled at him and then said what good morning? What are you nonsense you are talking about? The man asked what is your problem? He said don't you see God has taken away one of my legs. My life is ruined. The beggar said is that a reason for you to be depressed? First of all are you going to get the new leg because you are depressed? So the man was getting angrier still. Then the beggar laughing all the time he removed his blanket. He didn't have two legs. Here is a man who is at least able to hob along and here is a man who doesn't have lost both legs who should be more depressed. In life we see many times that the circumstances which we think are extremely dark depressing are not really so. Compare yourself to millions of people who are in much much worse situation in life. So grief. Then grief is physical pain etc. Mental distress with our reaction to this situation we may be depressed, we may be discouraged, we put to scowling face, darkened faces. That's why Swami Vivekananda tells something very very deep and interesting. He says any day you feel despondent don't come out of the room. Lock the room so that nobody can look into your face and then he says the first sign of spiritual progress is cheerfulness. Cheerfulness will come. Really speaking if you have that faith God is there and what is there for you to be so much depressed about. So this tremor of the body when there is a disease etc. Tremor of the body shakes. This is one of the greatest obstacles you know weakness. Tremor of the body or you are tired you know if you are coming from climbing an uphill then also you feel the tremor and then have you ever noticed when you are climbing down a steep hillock after some time what happens to your knees they start trembling. Not only that I have seen some of our devotees you know if they are asked to get up onto the stage and then give a talk then their knees will be knocking against each other. They are so nicely they talk outside but the moment they are what is the difference after all you know instead of sitting there and talking and it happened to me also but fortunately my knees are quite apart so they are not. Some people are now they are called knock-kneed. They are so close together and then whenever we are in distress a definite sign is the breath will be very very irregular. That's why you notice irregular breath any emotion that throws us into irregular breath that's not good. Now you will see there are two types there when we hear a bad news then naturally you know we feel the distress but sometimes when we hear the good news also it can happen suddenly somebody you are absolutely calm and quiet suddenly somebody you have won a million pounds in lottery ticket. Did I tell you that joke? There was a man in America his name was Bill he used to play lottery buy lottery tickets many many many years passed he did not win a single this thing once he had this heart problem severe heart problem he was recovering in the hospital before having this heart attack he bought one lottery ticket and he won one million dollars now his family is in trouble because already has got heart problem if this news is conveyed to him then what is going to happen to them so they devised a strategy that they will tell the cardiac doctor is this you convey this news to our father gently so the man agreed one morning he went to visit him said Bill how are we doing oh doctor I'm so grateful to you I am recovering very nice that this and that and then the doctor supposing Bill some news comes that you won a million dollar in the lottery ticket what will you do that man had lost all hope oh he said doctor if it is if you win then I will give you 50 percent of it hearing this the doctor fell down dead so if suddenly you get good news or bad news it affects us because emotionally we are very vulnerable type of people that is why emotional steadfastness is an important characteristic of spirituality say Ramakrishna at any time what what we call you know the drop of a hat he could enter into samadhi do you think it is such an easy thing just he forgets the whole universe and goes into samadhi because he practiced it so grief mental distress tremor of the body irregular breathing accompany non-retention of concentration in this connection Vedanta also tells us sorrow is of three kinds adhyatmika that is arising from within oneself adhibhautika inflicted by some other creature outside adhidaivika through natural calamity sorrow is that which upsets creatures who try for its removal is a beautiful definition is given what is sorrow what is the definition of sorrow have you ever thought what is there to give definition I feel unhappy and I feel unhappy I want to overcome it that is the definition what is the definition that which we struggle to get rid of that is called sorrow and that which we try to retain in spite of many obstacles that is the opposite of sorrow our life goes in getting out of sorrow and trying to get some amount of happiness or whatever it is so dejection can be caused through the non-fulfillment of desire or when wished for things do not happen this upsetting of bodily equilibrium or steadiness results in shakiness of the body the ordinary process of taking in the breath and exhaling the same is also associated with mental distraction these disturbances generally take place in a distracted state of mind they do not appear in a reposeful mind okay so what can we do what is the remedy and here comes the most wonderful hint or practical guidance which is applicable irrespective of religion race belief etc etc it says only two things what is that tat pratishedartham eka tattva abhyasaha for the removal of these obstacles for the practice of the concentration of mind then practice concentration upon a single truth eka tattva abhyasaha practice concentrate focus upon one single truth what do you mean by one single truth it means two things earlier you you if we remember by self-effort we can progress in spiritual life and if we are incapable of progressing what is the remedy alternative ishwara pranidhana surrender yourself to god what do you mean by surrendering yourself to god japa through the repetition of the name of god with devotion what a wonderful thing what happens when we repeat the name of god what is name we also discussed quite elaborately the name and the named are one and the same so when we are repeating the name of god we are actually meaning god om for example om is the symbol of god both impersonal as well as impersonal that covers everything and why om covers everything that also we discussed now important thing is what happens when we go on repeating the name of god repeating the by repeating the name of god all these obstacles will be removed here slight elaboration is needed what is the cause of all these obstructions disease for example what is the cause of a disease what is the cause of mental laziness what is the cause of disbelief doubt what is the cause of it there must be a cause if this is the effect there must be a cause what is the cause bad karma bad karma and the result of karma is inevitable already we have done these karmas and as a result we are getting these effects which are not good how can we get rid of it through the grace of god because the grace of god is an antidote for all these things how can we get the grace of god by repeating the name of god with faith regularity and this i'll give one instance i already had given you in the past but i will give an instance there was a man who had terrible skin disease and he tried various methods to get rid of it he could not and he came to swami adhutananda in varanasi swami adhutananda took pity upon him and said my son you can get rid of this disease would you like to would you like to he said yes of course then you stay with me in the description was so wonderful the skin disease was so bad that foul smell was emanating from his body and even his own family people did not allow him to stay in the house because of that foul smell whereas swami adhutananda cheerfully not put up he also sometimes put up no cheerfully said you stay in my room although he did not bother him at all and then he told him get up in the morning go to the ganges take bath go to the temple of lord shiva and you drink the water which is used for washing you know you will pour water on lord shiva and interesting hindus they know that that water has to go somewhere and it will be going from the room because it is not a small amount of water and bucketfuls of water is poured from morning till evening all that water if it is there it will be flooded so that for the passage of the clearance of the water there is a channel and it goes outside and many devotees they go outside put their hands and then they drink that water with faith so you drink that water that's what we call we put it after puja what do we do keep the water here we call it tirtha charanamal drink that and then eat there is a leaf called bilva leaf it is supposed to be very sacred to lord shiva you eat that and you will be cured of everything the man did exactly as the swami directed and within a short time he became ill and healthy and all the diseases disappeared and everything now this news slowly spread then others also and suffering from other kind of disease started coming to latumaras he said the same thing he said early morning you go take bath in the ganges because you know hindus believe taking bath in the ganges it washes away all the sins do you understand what is the meaning of sin this is what we are discussing the result of karma it washes away the result of bad karma and we don't need to suffer this is our faith see ram krishna reaffirms it and then he he tells one just suppose there is a blind man why was he born blind because of some wrong deeds evil deeds he committed in the past so what should he do he should go and take bath in the ganges will his sight come back he said no because that is prarabdha karma already the effect has started that won't go but if he had any remanent karma where he has to be reborn again with these defects he won't be born and then this then there are other people who came and their problem was different a poor man had come he had no disease but he wanted money what did swami advaitananda prescribe said go early morning take bath go to the lord drink that water offered to him and then eat that bilva leaf and repeat the name of lord shiva you will get money but in this case unfortunately the man was probably expecting to win a lottery ticket he didn't have that faith and swami advaitananda unfortunate fellow he could have become a rich man if you remember a devotee came to see ram krishna ram krishna asked him what do you wish and he said i want money he said okay in this case he did not prescribe bilva leaf but you know what he said he said bring jalebi and not you will eat i will eat if i eat jalebi you will become rich and when after you become rich you can eat jalebi morning afternoon night every time you can eat and he became one of the three is it only one case or can it happen to us also can it happen to us you must have that faith it is possible that is why i also mentioned perhaps i mentioned i don't remember you know in the vedas vedas have to provide both for the abhyudaya and nisraya for worldly happiness as well as spiritual happiness spiritual happiness all these things are there wonderful books the later part of the vedas called jnana kanda but for what about worldly people some people want children some people want money some people want destruction of the enemies or wicked people so many desires are there in this world some people want rain water some people it is too much ativrishti and anavrishti kshama famine is going on so there must be remedies there are remedies that's why sri shukta i told you mentioned about sri shukta there is a hymn it is addressed to mother lakshmi hiranyavarnam harinim suvarna rajatas rajam chandram prabhasam jalantim it's a beautiful hymn apart from its effect and if one recites it he the by the grace of the mother he can also get it no no doubt about it have no doubt even if you have doubt give a provisional faith okay let me see whether it works or not the law of karma it will work coming back to our subject what is the subject now if anyone is suffering from any of these problems they are the effects and they must have causes what are the causes evil actions done in the past but they have been done what can we do now to remedy is there a remedy yes what is the remedy repeat it get the grace of god by the grace of god anything can happen don't have any doubt who said that holy mother said what did she say if a person is destined where a plough share was to go through him by the grace of god it will be a pinprick because they have the power to get rid of the effects of karma they can break the law he who makes the law can also break the law so by the grace of god how does one obtain the grace of god repeat the name of god by the repetition that is what he is telling ek tatva abhyasaha practice one truth what is that one truth there is only one truth how many truths are there according to vedanta how many truths are there truth is only one and that manifests that truth manifests in this world as various true scientific truth psychological truth physiological truth social truth political truth etc etc how many knowledges are there only one knowledge and that manifests as scientific knowledge as cookery knowledge any knowledge that you can think of is a manifestation of that original knowledge this is a very important subject let us keep this we will proceed and then come so how does how does how do we counter these obstacles first with the repetition of god what happens that is the most wonderful what is called antidote to karma for all the bad karmas by the repetition of god's name it is said tulasidas used to say utter the name of rama once quote quote millions of papas will just get destroyed is it a word is it a hyperbole it is the truth we have to practice practice and see what what is going to happen these obstacles can be removed by the practice of concentration upon a single truth that is to say the truth of god's existence god has many aspects and so there are innumerable approaches to him undisturbed calmness of the mind is attained by cultivating friendliness towards the happy compassion for the unhappy delight in the virtues and indifference towards the wicked this is the next aphorism we will discuss but introduction to this aphorism is okay you repeat god's name but you also have to do live your life how are you going to live your life what do you mean by going to live your life means in the in life in day-to-day life everything will not be pleasant morning it was cloudy now it is in the afternoon it became very bright and cheerful don't you see and some days it will be dark and dingy some days it will be wonderful you can see the effect of it some days you yourself feel very bright some days you feel dull some days you feel very healthy very strong very energetic some days the opposite sometimes events good events take place sometimes bad events take place nobody is shielded from this nobody should be shielded from them because it is only by facing this when we can know how to overcome them or live in spite of them not because of absence of them but in spite of them and that's the way god has provided enough of these exercises so that we can grow but what does god's grace do it gives us that understanding it is for that right understanding let me dwell a moment upon this right understanding that the most ancient prayer is given to us one of the most ancient prayers thousands of years old repeated daily by millions of Hindus every single day do you know what that is? Gayathri Mantra Gayathri Mantra what is the Gayathri Mantra? Oh lord we meditate upon you may you guide our understanding you guide our understanding and Bhagavad Gita picture is the graphic illustration of this Gayathri Mantra we meditate upon you and you guide our understanding so Arjuna is sitting in the chariot who is the driver? Shri Krishna and what is that chariot it is the right understanding oh lord so long as i sit as the driver i have no knowledge where am i where from i am where did i where from did i start where am i going to go and through which type of paths i am going to go we absolutely we do not know in his connection just to remind you because always my mind thinks about Ramakrishna Ramakrishna what happened did he say something you know Swami Vivekananda he came to see Ramakrishna from where did he come from the realm of the Khanda individually he was a great Rishi Saptarishi Bhuvana Dinda, Iligilidhu Banda, Vivekananda, Shri Gurudevana Khanda wonderful song is written by a great soul in Kannada language Saptarishi Bhuvana Ramakrishna brought him but when he assumed a human body he did not know what for he was simply Ramakrishna said come with me and he came he did not explain to him how long is he going to stay how long he what he is going to go through he never explained anything but Ramakrishna knew everything you know after the second or third visit he takes him to Shambhu Malik's garden house and then there he touches him makes him unconscious and tells who are you why did you come how long are you going to stay what are you going to accomplish every single event he is going to accomplish from birth to death he extracted that information now tell me who is the big brother who is the biggest brother so after that he made a remark also nobody can be compared to my Narayan first second he predicted this boy will not live for a long time he knew everything the moment he comes to know who he is he will give up his body he knew but what about this poor Narayana did he know he did not know anything he did not even know where is the not to speak of what is going to next he went to landed in Chicago and he did not know which way to turn to reach the building of parliament of religions he lost so called apparently lost is not really is all necessary so Ramakrishna arranged but he never revealed it at that time so many things have happened we don't know but Narendra's life was a triumph and progress why you know he surrendered himself to Ramakrishna therefore Ramakrishna sat in the driver's seat and then he drove that is what we are also supposed to do when we surrender ourselves oh lord you give me right understanding means what you are the right understanding you drive my life you guide my life i don't know what to do everything will be absolutely fine this is the meaning of the Gayatri mantra by repeating the name of god we have to surrender ourselves to him and say oh lord you know better than me so you please guide my life and believe me everything will come what to do what not to do but what is the point i'm mentioning the point is whether it is Ramakrishna or Swami Vivekananda or in Tom Dick Harry as they say everybody has to go through days and nights diseases health good event bad event so by the grace of god certain attitudes we develop what is spiritual life what is spiritual life it is a certain way of looking both at ourselves and also at the world that's why it is said that the right type of relationship with ourselves with the world and with god is called spiritual life you know what is spiritual life there are only three things in this world i the world and god what is the relationship interrelationship between me and the world and god and the world and me triangle and what is spiritual life you have the right type of understanding so that i can have the right type of attitude towards these two so what is the my relationship with god i am related i am related to god i'm a relative god's relative and wherever there is a will wherever there is a will there is a relative so where we have a will therefore we have a relative and our only relative is god and then you come down and say whatever is there this world this world belongs to whom it belongs to god god manifesting as me and the world therefore my attitude should be this is this world is also spiritual i am also spiritual god is also spiritual and that is called the right understanding so we must have the right attitude not only with regard to persons but with regard to events persons and events this is spiritual life having surrendered ourselves to god what is the next step oh lord you are gracious enough you have given me right understanding that right understanding right understanding must be exercised in day-to-day life and means how do i exercise i have the right attitude and what is the right attitude here is the 33rd aphorism is so beautifully putting it about friendship mercy gladness and indifference being thought of in regard to subjects happy unhappy good and evil respectively it's a beautiful aphorism what is yoga let us recollect what is the definition of yoga yoga means what yoga is absolute calmness of the mind so that in the most calm mind the reflection of god is clearly seen and what is god's reflection my reflection my reflection is god's reflection god's reflection is my reflection there is absolutely no difference so any event in life any person in life that disturbs this balance we have to remedy you can't change the world we have to change our reaction Patanjali divided people into four categories Sri Ram Krishna divided people into four categories our our ancient vedas divided people into four categories brahmana, kshatriya, vaisya and shudra Sri Ram Krishna divided people into four categories the ever free those who are bound and those who are struggling and after those who after struggle become liberated four categories Patanjali in his own beautiful way divided people into four categories who are they this is happy people unhappy people good people and evil people what a marvelous psychological division we will discuss it in our next class but here it is happy people are happy people good people are good people happy people there is a relationship but people can be happy but not may not be good they are punya karmas what we call you know is unhappy people there are people unhappiness these have nothing to do with having things people having things also can be profoundly unhappy people having practically nothing can be also be very very happy then there are people good people and there are also evil people now what is important for us you know don't expect everybody to be good we don't care people are unhappy people we instinctively avoid do you know unhappy people you instinctively avoid you know who are unhappy people the people who bore you are unhappy people according to me and you will do everything in your power to avoid them is it not a fact yeah so happy people unhappy people good people and there are also evil people gospel of sri ram krishna such a profound scripture yes one of the questions very frequently put to him was why did god create evil yes he who created evil you know there are some scriptures which say god did not create evil who created evil devil created evil saturn created evil and the point is who created saturn is it not god only ultimately the agency ship goes only to god so why did god create evil this is a profound question god wants to take revenge upon us god wants to see us you know what is called barbecue us he takes delight in barbecuing us no what is called good is also good what is called evil may be even more good for our development taken in the right way god can never create evil but the so-called evil it is there for a particular purpose that is so hard for us to understand so many people lose faith only on this point why did god create evil why the why is there so much of evil why is it so many people have to be you know for example nazi concentration camps millions and millions of people haven't gassed exterminated tortured endlessly beyond human endurance and all those things incidentally i can ask you one question has that disappeared now was it only about 1940s that happened or is it still there it is still there in many many virulent forms it has not disappeared the devil is not going to disappear because if devil disappears then our goodness also will disappear it is a profound it is a profound truth but keep it in mind so Patanjali divides people into four categories happy unhappy good and evil and sooner or later today or tomorrow in very inevitably invariably here or somewhere we are going to encounter them how are you going to deal with it if you want to keep your mind absolutely calm and quiet and undisturbed and point like this uh navic compass pointing to the northern star so that we can our ship can go to the other shore then we have to develop a particular attitude and that attitude is called maitri karuna mudita upeksha friendliness compassion indifference and gladness what these are we will discuss in our next class